Ultrasonic ranging

Ultrasonic ranging1. Software-Hardware2. Brief principle1. Hardware schematic diagram2、Physical connection diagram3. Control principle3. Project configuration1. Description2. Pin configuration4. Main functions1. User function5. Experimental phenomena

This tutorial demonstrates: How to connect an external expansion board and use the ultrasonic module to measure distance and then print the data through the serial port.

1. Software-Hardware

STM32F103CubeIDE
STM32 expansion board
Ultrasonic Module
Type-C data cable or ST-Link
Download programs or simulate the development board·
Serial Assistant
Receive serial port data and print

2. Brief principle

1. Hardware schematic diagram

2、Physical connection diagram

3. Control principle

(Schematic name)	Control pin	Specific meaning
TRIG	PF11	Trigger terminal
ECHO	PF12	Receiver

Ultrasonic Module:

It is a module that uses ultrasonic waves for non-contact physical quantity measurement. It can accurately measure distance, speed, flow and other physical quantities by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals, and converts the measurement results into digital signal output. This article will popularize the ultrasonic module Its working principle and function.

The types of ultrasonic modules on the market are mainly divided into the following categories:

HC-SR04 ultrasonic module
US-100 ultrasonic module
US-015 ultrasonic module
HY-SRF05 ultrasonic module
HC-SR04 ultrasonic ranging module

Ultrasonic module information for this experiment:

Model	HC-SR04	Detection distance	2-400cm
Working voltage	5V	High precision	Up to 0.3cm
Operating current	15mA	Dead zone	2cm
Operating frequency	40KHz	Pin sequence	VCC, Trig (control end), Echo (receiving end), GND
Quiescent operating current	<2mA	Input trigger signal	10uS TTL pulse
Sensing angle	Not greater than 15°	Input echo signal	Output TTL level signal, proportional to range
Range range	2cm-4m (peak)	Level output	TTL level

Ranging principle: Input a high potential for more than 10 microseconds at the trigger end of the ultrasonic module to emit ultrasonic waves. After transmitting the ultrasonic waves and before receiving the returned ultrasonic waves, the receiving end is at a high potential. Therefore, the program can calculate the distance of the measured object from the high pulse duration of the "response" pin.

Test distance = (high level time * speed of sound (340M/S))/2;

Note: The above timing diagram shows that you only need to provide a pulse trigger signal of more than 10us, and the module will internally send out 8 40kHz cycle levels and detect echoes. Once an echo signal is detected, an echo signal is output. The pulse width of the reverberated signal is proportional to the measured distance. The distance can be calculated from the time interval between the transmitted signal and the received echo signal.

3. Project configuration

1. Description

Omitted project configuration part: New project, chip selection, project configuration, SYS of pin configuration, RCC configuration, clock configuration and project configuration content


Please refer to [2. Development environment construction and use: STM32CubeIDE installation and use] to understand how to configure the omitted parts of the project.

2. Pin configuration

4. Main functions

According to our tutorial STM32CubeIDE can generate the corresponding gpio.c, gpio.h, tim.c and tim.h files. For later transplantation and peripheral module driver, we will place the automatically generated code in the BSP under the project file. folder.

1. User function

Function: Ultrasonic_GPIO_Init

Function prototype	void Ultrasonic_GPIO_Init(void)
Function description	Ultrasonic pin initialization
Input parameters	None
Output parameters	None

Function: Get_distance

Function prototype	float Get_distance(void)
Function description	Ultrasonic range detection
Input parameters	None
Output parameters	Output distance

Function: Bsp_TIM7_Init

Function prototype	void Bsp_TIM7_Init(void)
Function description	Open timer terminal
Input parameters	None
Output parameters	None

5. Experimental phenomena

After downloading the program, you need to place obstacles in the direction facing the ultrasonic module. Open the serial port assistant and set the parameters as shown in the figure below. Then we can use the serial port assistant to view the measured ultrasonic distance.


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For program download, please refer to [2. Development environment construction and use: program download and simulation]

The effect is as follows: